Bituminous mixtures, sometimes called asphalt mixtures, are blends of aggregates with different gradations, filler type and content and hardness with bitumen of different grades and quantities. Bitumen production through distillation removes lighter crude oil components, such as gasoline and diesel, leaving the “heavier” bitumen. 3. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, Vol 4, no 4, pp 599-601 April 2023 600 2. Conclusion. Architectural asphalt shingles are also an option at a much higher price point— $22 to. 28,Chowdhury Lane, Shyam Bazar Kolkata 700004, India +919583249999; info@souravkjain. £ 31. The first is their black color, which can absorb rather than reflect heat. Aluminum Paint. As a kind of soluble bitumen, bitumen emulsions may have drawbacks depending on the solvent. Rubberized coating adds more resistance to the coating and prohibits debris from affecting any bitumen underneath. Bituminous Paints are a typical kind of paint and are more commonly used on building surfaces. Since the early 1990s, the bitumen system’s popularity has fallen due to an increasing number of bans on its use by governmental and regulatory agencies. This is one of the reasons why asphalt has a longer lifespan. 2 One-pack chemical. This kind method leaves you with a professional smooth finish on any surface. The cost of the material itself is likely to be greater on a square-foot basis than the liquid membranes. SpEC Black Bitumen Paint and SpECtite Cleaning Fluid are flammable. 2 The pigments 3 5. Torch-on requires three maintenance coats over the same period. Epoxy floors resist peeling, cracking and stains. Intumescent firestop putty is used as a through-penetration firestopping, which protects the space around pipes, cables, and other penetrations. The most important advantage of using paint to prevent rust is that it is easily available as it can be purchased from hardware stores and online shops. method, which involved dissolving asphaltum in a solvent, such as turpentine, before adding it to oil, would result in paint that lacked body. You can reach them via phone, toll-free at 1-866-399-5562, or by email. Bitumen Carpet Road. This type of paint often uses water as the thinner, and this is very much available in a wide-ranging set of colors. 1. Due to the constant exposure to heavy traffic loads and changing weather conditions, these roads require regular maintenance to. Generates employment for rag pickers. Stabilizer. 9 + 18. Bitument Paints are very handy in fixing issues relating to underwater structures, steel, or ironworks such as weather protection, waterproofing, stone and bricklayers, masonry structures, metal fabrications, castings, asbestos-cement sheets, etc. The amount of bituminous to be added depends upon the nature of use of bitumen emulsion. 3. As a result, asphalt is more durable, lasting more than 20 years on a pavement while. 3 The binder 3 5. Properties of Bituminous Paint: Bituminous paint is a type of bituminous coating product that provides weatherproofing and corrosion resistance to the elements. The chemical damp proofing is done by drilling a series of small holes along the base of the damp wall. 50 to $6. If undercoating is done the right way, then it will provide protection for up to 10 years. (£6. Additionally, spray painting can result in an uneven finish if not applied properly. Nurprime SB is a premium quality, quick-drying solvent-based bitumen primer. View all: Bostik Specialist Paints. Bitumen, also known as asphalt, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. Advantages of Lacquer Wood Finish: Dries Quickly: Lacquer dries very fast, usually within 15 minutes at room temperature, allowing for the application of multiple coats in a short time. The pigment gives the paint its color, while the emulsifier helps bind the pigment together and keep it from clumping. Our bitumen paints are designed to protect metal and concrete structures from corrosion and other damage caused by extreme weather conditions. Features & Benefits. Capacity. It produces more glossy and durable decorative coat than oil paints with metallic oxide bases. TECHNICAL DATA ORMONOID BITUMEN PAINT Appearance Charcoal brown (wet) Charcoal black (dry) Volume of solids Above 30% Bitumen content Above 30% Specific gravity 1. Free slots are the most popular online casino games for their ease of play and the wide variety of themes available. a) bituminous asphalt, (it is sticky& black) b) highly viscous liquid . And, if you are mixing in color, the process often. Generally, it is used in underwater ironworks, concrete foundations, wooden surfaces, and iron pipes. Below table should the requirement that should be satisfied by the aggregates to be used. Solution No. , PMA's resilient. In general, bitumen. m area, which can be increased to 7. The roof will lose its reflectiveness over time. Increased resistance to deformation. Some benefits of using bituminous roofing systems are as follows, 1. Cementitious waterproof coating types are two-component blends. This roughness may not be ideal for those seeking a smooth and polished look. Resistant to mild acids, alkali, moisture, air and vermin. That’s just installing asphalt. Bituminous Membrane. Able to resist harsh chemicals and UV lights, protects surfaces from. Later, drying oils have been used for the manufacture of oil-based putty, which also acts as an efficient sealant. 4 Bituminous paint. Introduction. This synthesis explores the state-of-the-knowledge and state-of-the-practice regarding the latest updates on polymer-modified bitumens (PmBs). Bituminous membrane waterproofing is a popular method used for low sloped roofs. It increases the stability of the soil mechanically and it does not react with the soil. Most modified bitumen systems are installed in at least 2 layers or “plies”. This paint is made by combining aluminum particles with oil varnish. Depending on the quality of the installation and the environment 10 – 15 years of service is common. Abrading & Polishing;. Repair the patches Patches on painting area must be repaired by. Bituminous coal contains moisture of up to approximately 17%. A waterproofing membrane that comes in the form of sheet rolls. Online casino games such as craps, roulette or poker are also excellent options for. Kettles of asphalt are dangerous. Torch-on felt sees three layers of bitumen felt melt-welded onto the roof with a blow torch, creating a waterproof seal. 2. Main drawbacks of bitumen coating consist of its ugly appearance and the fact that it “flows” on the sun, as well as difficulty of applying to other materials, such as plaster or paint. Pros and Cons of Using Enamel Paint. Bituminous waterproofing systems are designed to protect residential and commercial buildings. BROWSE CATALOG. The chapter first introduces the solutions. Disadvantages of Varnish. Intumescent Firestopping Putty Products. The first is their black color, which can absorb rather than reflect heat. Bitumen emulsions are usually two-phase systems consisting of two immiscible liquids, bitumen and water. Following are the disadvantages of Bituminous roofing. Disadvantages of bituminous waterproof coating: 1. Cementitious waterproofing: Cemented waterproofing is the simplest method of waterproofing, materials required are freely available, easy to mix and apply. Shell Flintkote. One of the main disadvantages is that elastomeric paint can fade over time, especially when exposed to harsh sunlight. The Non-Bitumen Coated Roofing Membranes steering group is now aware of the TLX independent testing methodology results for their “bat safe” membrane which shows it has passed the snagging propensity test. Replacing the roofing felt on a Scout hall in Wales. Bituminous Coatings. Painted asphalt roof shingles require more maintenance; they need to be regularly touched up to be kept in good condition. Solvent-based gloss finishes have a higher sheen, but water-based keeps its sheen better throughout its lifetime. Bitumen is a dark brown to black colour glue material majorly used in the construction of bound layers of pavements. Some of the most popular applications of bituminous paint include: Roofing. Solutions. The water-based polyurethane slurry must be used within 1 hour, otherwise it will not be used. PU is better than Duco paint on wood. 11 - FOG SEAL COAT AND ROCK DUST BLOTTER COVER FOR COLD-CENTRAL-PLANT RECYCLED ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT. We offer bitumen paint in green and our bitumen based barn paint comes in several shades but they are on the darker side; Bitumen paint can be difficult to apply in very cold conditions Cracking. 99Inc Vat. 2 The pigments 3 5. Application of Tuck Coat. These important qualities can save money by drastically reducing cooling costs during the hot summer months. Shell’s Flintkote bitumen emulsion is a trusted, reliable and cost-effective waterproofing coating. Finish. But sadly, it also releases a massive amount of carbon dioxide each year. It can be difficult to detect the source of a leak. It is a protective metallic finish use on well-prepared metal surfaces like storage tanks, roofs and pipework. 8 mils) with a local thickness not less than 50 microns (2. Good practice from paint company guidelines would mean that the maximum DFT applied should be two times the specified DFT for each coat and for the total scheme. Learn the basics of paints easily and begin your home journey right here, with us. A bituminous paint only has to be removed if it is. waterproofing paint. Multiple Plies and greater thickness. Sandblasting chips away paint using abrasive. Surfaces like wicker, masonry, concrete, plaster, glass, and metals. Stands Out – Black roof tiles typically highlight the home’s architectural appeal and can make exterior colors look more vivid. Water-based, free of solvents and odours. Authors: This synthesis explores the state-of-the-knowledge and state-of-the-practice regarding the latest updates on polymer-modified bitumens (PmBs). The bituminous coating is also known as asphalt coating. For instance, water and oil can create two types of emulsions, water-in. 50 per square foot. Suitable for brush application only. It is easier to repair than thermoplastic; if a section of paint is damaged, it can simply be patched without replacing the entire coating. Slates, granites the two-course of a dense and sound stone laid in cement mortar with vertical breaking joint is work a great damp proof course. When dried, it creates a thin black film which has the advantage of becoming odour free. Bhilwara wood offers numerous advantages that make it a popular choice for various applications. Whether it’s as small as a roof or wall, or as ambitious as a. £ 28. g. The self-adhesive type has a low shelf life as bonding properties of the membrane reduces with time. ; The first city in India to globally adapt Plastic road technology was Chennai. Different kinds of rollers have different advantages and disadvantages for chip seals. For this purpose, the paper is. Anti-Corrosive Paint. Made from dissolved asphalt or tar, bituminous paint has a distinct black colour. Disadvantages: Adding 4 inches to the existing roadway elevation may not be. Though the material costs less than asphalt, you’ll have to pay more in overhead costs. Bituminous concrete is a type of pavement material that consists of mineral aggregate bound together with bitumen, which is a byproduct of petroleum refining. And while the material itself may not be damaged by heat or UV rays, if proper insulation is not used with it, this absorption of heat can lead to superheating of the building below. The membrane should be flexible enough to take any shape it is laid over, and be capable of turning up and over walls and other construction features. These characteristics of conventional bitumen affect humans as well as the environment, and conventional bitumen is a non-renewable. Bituminous membranes are perfect for waterproofing roofs, basements, below-ground structures, bridges and other structures. waterproofing paint. While oil-based paints are recommended, you may have to use water-based paint instead depending on the rules and regulations that govern the use of paints in your area. Tips for Painting Raised Garden Beds. 25 per square foot. The bitumen compound also exhibits high heat and UV resistance properties. This paint can withstand temperatures up to 302°F (150°C). Firstly, it is highly workable, making it suitable for both hand tools and machines. Bituminous paint. Dr seal bitumen primer; Black coal tar based bituminous paint, for concrete; Ferroblack (ip-56192) water based bituminous emulsion for ra. Application is smooth and provides great coverage. Advantages of Bitumen Emulsion. The bitumen is dispersed throughout the water phase in the form of discrete globule of size ranging from 0. 1. Adhesion is also important; if this coefficient is good, then the coating can be considered acceptable. – Construction in tight urban areas. Even Bitumen paint will have some difficulty sticking to the wood if the structure is still wet. 4. Sealing stops moisture, salt, environmental assaults and chemicals from seeping into the driveway surface and undermining the pavement beneath the coating. It cuts down on the cost of timber replacement, floorboard replacement, and myriad other repairs/fixes in the long-run. Provides a hard wearing, protective layer on wood, metal and cement. Bitumen being a thermoplastic and a semi solid highly viscous material is not workable in all conditions. Aluminium Paint. , copper gutters) onto an anodic metals (such as galvanized steel). Must read: L‐Type Column Quantity Survey | Volume Of Concrete | Area Of Shuttering | Area Of Bitumen Paint. Comes in gorgeous colours. Poor alkali resistance occurs when solvent-based coatings are applied to new masonry that has not cured for a full year. 2%VOC) to differentiate their products from the higher VOC paint by using the term VOC Free or Zero VOC on their packaging. 0 Main generic types of paint 4 & their properties 6. The motivation for such replacement is typically cost—bamboo is readily available in many tropical and sub-tropical locations, whereas. PU is better than Duco paint on wood. It can be boring and too. Cons of Hot Mix Asphalt. Additionally, it is heat-resistant and non-combustible. Our bitumen paints are designed to protect metal and concrete structures from corrosion and other damage caused by extreme weather conditions. The paint acts as an electrical insulator, slowing the flow of current that drives the electrochemical reaction of corrosion. Such molecules are elongated, making movement difficult. Bituroll is a polymer modified bituminous waterproofing membrane, manufactured from a mixture of bitumen and selected polymers, which are blended together to obtain good waterproofing properties. Bitumen paint is suited to many different applications because of its weatherproofing, corrosion resistance and adhesive properties. Intumescent products come in a few other forms besides paint. Bituroll. The hot tires from a car can cause paint to peel, but epoxy floors can withstand automobile damage. In addition, bitumen emulsion is well-suited with any water-based binders such as latex, rubber, and cement, as it does not comprise any petroleum-based. If this is not possible, use a high-quality, alkali-resistant primer. It is treated as a hazardous material because of its higher PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) content and presence of hydrogen sulphide. Cons of water-based industrial paint: 1. During this process, smaller amounts of crude oil like kerosene, fuel oil, spirit. Bitumen waterproofing is a homogeneous thick mass of bitumen and various additives. 5. 2- Bitumen types with high viscosity are heated before use to make them easier to use. The paint acts as an electrical insulator, slowing the flow of current that drives the electrochemical reaction of corrosion. £ 28. Packing: 15Ltr, 20Ltr Metalic Pails, 200Ltr Steel Drums. 15 Latex Paint Advantages Latex Paint Disadvantages. There is no argument that bitumen is an excellent and effective material for covering a roof. Solvent based paints are more tolerant of adverse weather conditions during the curing process. 3. –. Conclusion: Cold asphalt, particularly our innovative product Nurphalt, is a game-changer in the fight against potholes. 4. 40 years or so for concrete. Sheet-Applied Waterproof Membrane. In most cases, asphalt would be 25mm to 40mm while bitumen would be 10mm to 20mm. 15 and $0. 4 Finishes 3 4. 30 x 3. It is treated as a hazardous material because of its higher PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) content and presence of hydrogen sulphide. Can be know as asphalt coating. Shop for asphalt paint & marking products. 2: Resurface with 4″ of Convention AC. An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Minimizing the sun’s impact on the roof surface not only helps sustain lower energy costs as the system ages but also cools internal building temperatures and. No-VOC or zero-VOC paint can still have some VOCs, but it must have less than 5 grams per liter. Adocoat bitumen paint can withstand prolonged oxidation and is resistant to low levels of alkalis and acids. The information in this study was gathered from a thorough review of the latest papers in the literatures related to modified bituminous materials, technologies, and advances. Everbuild 901 Black Jack Bitumen Paint : DISADVANTAGES. Bituminous paint is available in 1l, 2. . IN THE UNITED STATES, THE TERMS “BITUMINOUS” and “asphaltic” are often used interchangeably. Bituroll is a polymer modified bituminous waterproofing membrane, manufactured from a mixture of bitumen and selected polymers, which are blended together to obtain good waterproofing properties. 6. Bitumen show resistance to coating road aggregate and also does not retain in. Some disadvantages of. Paint technology today has advanced incredibly making water-based paints a. It is also weather-resistant and lightweight. These would give a maximum scheme of 2 x 320 µm. BITUROLL is a polymer modified bituminous waterproofing membrane, manufactured from a mixture of bitumen and polymers, which are blended together to obtain good waterproofing properties. Asphalt emulsion, as used in road construction and maintenance, is a homogeneous mixture of minute asphalt droplets suspended in a continuous water phase ( Dybalski, 1976 ). Average size of bitumen droplet is about 2 Micron. A tile roof can last more than 100 years, especially when installed in the right climate. The Quantity of Asphalt = 18000 x 2400 = 43200000 Kg. When dry, the product forms an odourless and seamless free bitumen film suitable for the protection of metals, concrete roofing felt, fiber cement, corrugated. 2 One-pack chemical. 4 The solvent 3 6. Asphalt generally has a thicker layer of 25-40 mm whereas bitumen has a layer with a thickness of 10-20 mm. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Roofing Materials. The paint acts as a physical barrier between the metal and any oxygen or water in the environment. Bituminous paint. 3, 904-8 - FLUSH COAT FOR POLYMER MODIFIED EMULSION CHIP SEAL. Ensure that the locating devices of the cup and lid are properly engaged. It is usually used when laying the foundation, but it is also perfect for waterproofing the basement, walls, blind areas, and other buried structures. The type of bitumen to be used depends upon the type of soil to be stabilized, method of construction, and weather conditions. These are the following: Requires Specialized Equipment. The cost of the material itself is likely to be greater on a square-foot basis than the liquid membranes. blasting methods. Bitumen acts as a binding agent that gives the concrete a tar-like consistency when heated and hardens into a dense solid surface when cooled. Polyurethane waterproof paint construction must wear gloves, to do a good job of protection measures. When heated, traditional bitumen — both coal tar pitch and asphalt — releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and potentially carcinogenic fumes. 3. In the 17th Century, the first putty was applied to window joints to prevent the movement of the fluids. These are used for painting automobiles, aircrafts and other costly things. It is suitable for application to a wide variety of surfaces including steel, iron, lead, zinc, aluminium, concrete, stone and brick but is mainly used for the following: Metal protection for any type of exterior metalwork - fire escapes, ladders, gutters etc. Disadvantages of Cement Paint, they are as follows: There are limited shades of the colours offered. The chance of heating the building is high if proper insulation is not done. The paint presents a black appearance and it is used for painting ironwork under water. The polymerized bitumen is coated on to a dimensionally stable. In contrast to bituminous mixtures and cement concrete composites, CGBM eliminates the disadvantages of the bituminous mixture by providing greater resistance to permanent deformation, and eliminates the need for joints, and permits the pavement to open to traffic in less than 24 h when compared to the cement concrete mixes [7], [11],. Paint is the most commonly used material to protect steel. 1 Introduction 2 4. (£5. 3. The adhesive property of the paint is increased by adding castor oil. softening point of at least C. There are many types of waterproofing materials. One among them is sheet based waterproofing membrane. Bituminous coal usually has a high. One of the main disadvantages is the lack of durability compared to powder coating. The guarantees on the liquid applied membrane products are significantly longer than torch-on, with only one maintenance coat after five years. Several factors, such as shrinkage and pressure, impact. This includes the average cost of labor, which ranges from $5 to $7 per hour. Sometimes referred to as “flushing”. Following the Ghavami [11] method in which before the first coat of bituminous paint, the splinted bamboos were roughed and a wire having a diameter of 0. However, it flows very slowly and is very. Its rich, vibrant colours are popular with many homeowners who want to make their homes look new again. As a result, asphalt is more durable, lasting more than 20 years on a pavement while. However, you can make the coating more durable by adding rubberized coatings. The cost of a standard acrylic coating will typically fall between $3. Disadvantages of cement. Use on metals. The way it dries is quick and it. This paint is prepared by dissolving asphalt or mineral pitches or vegetable bitumen in any type of oil or petroleum. While it is a typical job, frequent maintenance would be required (at least once a year) always to keep your pavement in good condition. Allow fresh masonry surfaces to cure for at least 30 days before painting. 2 Bitumen has often been held responsible for paint film defects, such as extreme cracking, wrinkling, discolouration and creeping – so much so that the term ‘bitumen cracking’ has. Contact Supplier. k. Cement is one of the most highly consumed products. In dry ice blasting, frozen carbon dioxide in the form of pellets is used as blasting material. High durability. Waterproofing membranes consist of waterproof plastic, rubber, or coated-fabric materials. Hardly any other agent is so effectively sealing. Construction of Bitumen Road: There are various steps in the construction of bitumen roads as discussed below; Preparation of the existing base course layer. 2. You need to sprinkle water for a fixed period of time. One of the primary benefits of using a modified bitumen roof is that it comes at a lower installation cost. Repairing the coating also becomes easier. 50 to $6. Bitumen is difficult to paint over with conventional paints as the underlying bitumen tends to bleed into the overlaying paint and will move with temperature changes while the covering paint may not be able to stand up to the movement. The biggest advantage to a home waterproofing system is that it increases the value of a house. 50 per square foot installed, depending on the level of prep work needed before the liquid roof coating is applied. Most home owners can apply these products themselves with ease. It provides excellent waterproofing and weather resistance, which helps to prolong the lifespan of roofs. 1. It just fills the pores of the soil. Bituminous Pavement, often referred to as bituminous road layers, consists of their surface with materials that are also called Asphalt. 2. Epoxy floors are a durable choice for a concrete floor in a garage or basement. Efficient Design. A comprehensive review using natural rubber in the modification of bitumen used for road construction is presented in this paper. This type of bitumen can be used as heat insulating material, roofing and damp-proofing felts, producing asphalt pipe and joint fillers etc. While torch-on felt is one of the quickest and most reliable flat roof installations, self-adhesive roofing felt is easier to apply yourself – you’ll find advantages and disadvantages to each roofing felt. In order to investigate anisotropy of bituminous mixtures, wave propagation tests can be performed in different directions. Quality control of bituminous concrete construction. It is also used for any type of exterior metal work and iron work such as fire escapes, ladders etc. However, once it melts, it can produce many products like water tanks, cutting boards, detergent bottles, shampoo bottles, pipings,. Water-based paint is usually latex-based, but can also be acrylic, vinyl, or polyurethane-based. Bituminous Base Course. Petro Products India Private Limited. Bituminous coal is the most abundant rank of coal found in the United States, and it accounted for about 45% of total U. 80/Ltr) Introduction. Is easier to paint as it dries faster. General purpose, solvent-based. Labor cost is also higher, because of all the cutting, handling, reinforcing, and detailing you have to go through during installation. Bitumen ‘is probably the most notorious of all painting materials. Silver coating or Aluminum Asphalt paint is used to coat Asphalt based roofs to protect against ultraviolet rays. It is quite versatile, which puts it at the top of the list, especially if you need waterproofing for your roof or other outdoor. Depending on the shape and size of the surface, you can use typical rollers, brushes or. Eye exposure: Direct eye contact may cause irritation and/or corneal changes. The material is rigid and has an impressive melting point of 210 to 270°C. bonded together by a bituminous material and used as a foundation upon which to place a binder or surface course. Tar is obtained by destructive distillation of coal or wood. with regard to its color and combustibility | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examplesHere are some of the reasons why bituminous paint coatings are perfect for your home: Bituminous paint coatings are incredibly versatile; Bitumen is a versatile material used for waterproofing or protecting against dampness and humidity. Grinding, waterblasting, and sandblasting are the safest and most efficient methods of pavement marking removal. Cellulose paint. There are considerable advantages to using bitumen paint. Flooring. Steel column lengths can vary from less than 300mm to more than 5 metres. Sealcoating has the power to stop. Advantages of Oil-Based Paint. This can result in a loss of color vibrancy and may require touch-ups or repainting in the future. It is acrylic Distemper Paint of the highest quality and gives the walls a delightful smooth matte finish. In order to avoid blistering, the Advantage And Disadvantage Of Bitumen. In the construction of bitumen carpet road the recommended bitumen binder is 80/ 100 grade and the tar required should be of grade RT-3. Bitumen Paint creates a strong and durable layer that defends the character from chemicals, moisture, and the harmful effects of the weather. Fuel resistance of bituminous binders. Despite such. For achieving a cold recycled mixture with good performance, it is crucial to. Average size of bitumen droplet is about 2 Micron. 613 Sk. It is found effective to apply two-layer of bituminous paint with sand to the topcoat of splinted bamboo for reinforcement [12]. Contact Supplier. Adhesion of a coating refers to the strong bond between the coating and substrate of a substance. Gloss paint finish is highly reflective, which means it accentuates any flaws or imperfections on the walls. Dimple mat, or dimple board, is a product that seems to fall somewhere in between simple asphaltic dampproofing and a full-on waterproofing membrane. Yet, when you look at the cost efficiency and lifespan of the two, asphalt comes out as the winner. Share on twitter. This is used for painting cars and airplanes. One common form is putty. ’ 1 So concluded a study of the durability of artists’ materials in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British paintings. Share on pinterest. Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock with a high carbon and hydrocarbon content. Enamel spray paint is an oil-based paint that can be used on many surfaces and you get a finish that is both durable and shiny. Finished Surface. Such molecules are elongated, making movement difficult. Bitumen Roof- Disadvantages. The holes should also be drilled 110mm apart, and to a depth of 10. Plastic PaintWhat is Bituminous Paint and it’s Applications.